Loaded with important concepts and techniques for the AP chemistry student; determine the equilibrium constant using Le Chatelier's principle and Beer's Law (using spectrophotometry) to determine equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products.
Students create and analyze four different equilibrium systems, allowing manipulation of a variety of stresses to show how systems respond by shifting in the direction that reduces stress.
Use a variety of basic volumetric measuring techniques to distinguish between precision and accuracy, while identifying an unknown liquid by its density.
Analyze oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and become familiar with the activity series of metals and its importance in predicting the products of replacement reactions.