Since 1978, List Labs products are unsurpassed in quality, consistency, and reliability for the success of your research and development projects! LPS is one of the most potent natural products capable of pluripotential immunostimulation manifested by the activation of host cells (e.g. B lymphocytes, macrophages) to functional differentiation. Host cell activation by LPS produces a spectrum of hormone-active lymphokines and monokines, including interferons (α, ß, γ), IL-1 and -6, TNF, PAF and procoagulant tissue factor. The documented capacity of LPS or their active lipid A component to initiate a variety of biochemical pathways provides investigators with powerful molecular tools by which to study cellular activation mechanisms. The LPS is extracted from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re) which is a rough mutant strain. Ultrapure LPS has been re-extracted to eliminate residual protein contamination which may interfere with toll-like receptor studies.