AdipoGen S-Adenosylmethionine
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Chemical. CAS 29908-03-0. Formula C15H22N6O5S. MW 398.44. S-Adenosylmethionine SAM is the first product of the methionine cycle and is implicated in the synthesis of polyamines and in the transsulfuration pathway leading to homocysteine and reduced glutathione GSH biosynthesis. SAM is synthesized from methionine and ATP in a reaction catalyzed by methionine adenosyltransferases MATs. These enzymes are encoded by two genes, MAT1A and MAT2A. SAM plays an essential role as methyl-donor for the methylation reactions during which it is transformed to S-adenosylhomocysteine SAH. SAH, a strong inhibitor of transmethylations, is transformed to homocysteine HCY by a specific hydroxylase. The methionine cycle plays a fundamental role in the cellular metabolism and the alteration of its functionality causes important disorders linked to modification of DNA methylation and gene expression, redox imbalance and metabolic reprogramming in liver and brain.